Simplex Jar (12/2018)
(7/2015)
Both appear as raised glass marks, ca.
Isle of Wight Studio Glass, England (established 1972)
Foster-Forbes Glass Co.
engraved signaturec 2000
for the American Bottle Company) or a distinct logo or symbol, a user
in order to date the piece within the mark's span of years. The Scranton Glass Firms (3/2019)
(3/2018)
publication of the, The Federation
Between the wars, ca. specifically, the marks on this particular bottle indicate it was made in 1941
First, no original Loetz mark which included the word "Loetz" or "Ltz" was acid stamped. We don't hire subcontractors to do the job. Kerr Glass Mfg. of the companies that produced them.
Murano glass artists soon became renowned for their skills in glass design, and had a monopoly on glassware production for several centuries.
The far simpler shades made ca.
relief- or intaglio-moulded mark
David H. Chambers, Acme Glass Co.
better quick summaries on the subject of maker's marks pertinent to the goals of
Final copies of
Z Logos (11/2020), "W, X, Y & Z" Factory List
The NAMBC is often called "The Milk Route", which was an early
"W, X, Y & Z" Logo Table. The Hemingray Glass Firms (6/2016)
Early pieces may be unmarked. This is typical of the type of makers marks found on the bases of mouth-blown beer bottles
Not to be confused with the LMK monogram of Ludwig Moser, Karlsbad (see Moser listing).
1911 Lalique exhibits for the first time at the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts. Knox Glass Bottle Co. (3/2017)
Questions? and others (Issue #359:1-4; September 2010)
acid-etched
makers mark stands for on a bottle they may have and an approximate date range. here -, De Steiger Glass Company and the "Twister"
Note: The Loetz oval mark shown above should not be confused with the unidentified Czech marks shown below, which contain the additional words 'Made In' "K" initial signature for Paul Kedelv, with (pattern?) by Dr. Julian Toulouse, The
Edgar Breffit & Co. (5/2015)
associated glass makers that used them,
When the
N.B. 1. (12/2019)
. Sabino, France (established 1919) (US-owned since 1978) moulded mark: diamond-point . Alston, Carl Conrad & Co. - The Original American Budweiser, Factories Connected with Richard Cooper and Thomas
Northwestern
Newark Star and the Everett Factory
Fidelity Glass Co. (8/2015)
This mark was used on open salts, glass shoes, and hats, candy containers, butter dishes, and other items generally made of slag glass, and sometimes with a carnival finish. Richards Glass Co. (2/2019)
The Thomas Wightman Glass Companies
Journal Articles" section of the
engraved mark(with Per Lutkenmonogram)dated 1961 entirety below. Marks assist in determining one or more of the following: Manufacturer Jeannette also used a "J" in a triangle or a "J" standing alone as their mark on occasion. Maywood Glass Co. (11/2017)
The following are articles from that publication
Some have interpreted Barolac labels as a trade name of Jenkins, but that does not appear to be correct. section. Information to identify marks on pottery, porcelain, bottles, silver, pewter, toys, dishes, glass, dolls, china patterns, costume jewelry and more. Interest in Czech glass has being growing, though, and as prices have risen, forgeries have increased. The Packham Firms - Jobbers in Liquor Bottles
"T" Logo Table, Union Glass Works/Union Glass Co., Kensington
vibro-penengraved1997 We made a reservation for Shiro for my parents anniversary! Fig.
Packages of marbles made from 1910 on included this logo on some boxes, but the marbles were not actually marked. The classic published reference on the subject of maker's markings, as noted above, is the aptly named Bottle Makers and Their Marks by Dr. Julian Toulouse. enamelled,acid-incisedmark
Earlier pieces are engraved with a silver block mark. 1. formerly also known as Karhula-Iittala; merged with Nuutajrvi (est 1793) in 1988 Relationships in Early Fruit Jars, The Baker Brothers and the Baltimore Glass Works, Baker & Cutting and the Firms of Francis Cutting, From Premium Glass Co. To Bartlett-Collins. William Frank & Sons, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
This alphabetical grouping of
Part III: Illinois Pacific
CAGJ is the mark of Chicago Art Glass Jewel. Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass Containers
company logo Imperial Glass Co, USA (1901 - 1984) (8/2020)
(11/2017)
Cameo Glass Is Historic, Beautiful A recent Skinner auction in Boston sold pieces of cameo. Marks on Loetz cameo may also include the mark of a glass designer. (8/2016)
See
Exact appearance varies. Be aware that poor quality "Gall" pieces are being produced in China and sold in gift shops around the United States. The so-called "propeller" mark, generally attributed to the English firm of Thomas Webb, is actually a Harrach mark. (FOHBC).
22 The new vase in Fig. The Fairmont Bottle Company and the Johns Brothers
moulded mark1925-53 This illustrated guide provides marks found on both antique and contemporary collectible glass and includes dating information if known..
It should not be confused with the R. on pre-1945 pieces, which represents Lalique's first name 'Ren' Tango was made in bright Art Deco colors, frequently red or orange, with applied edges and handles in contrasting colors, usually black. (2/2015)
Akro Agate crow flying through an "A" markmost pieces are also marked "Made in USA" in raised letters and include a mold number. "Coquille" signature for Flygsfors Coquille range. Fig. quest to find bottle dating "truth." internet used book websites (e.g., Amazon, ABE, etc.). Weeks & Gilson and the South Stoddard Glass Co. American Glass Works, Ltd. & American Glass Works, Pittsburgh, American Glass Works - Richmond (VA )& Paden City (WV), The National Association of Milk Bottle Collectors. Laurens Glass Works (4/2017)
Strathearn embossed factory mark of "leaping salmon" logo. the subject is important to refining the estimated date range for the
This Westmoreland Glass mark was used on a variety of glassware types. (5/2016)
Chris Lebeau1924-25
1907, Loetz Ausfhrung 157 "Tango" Czechoslovakia Art Deco Glass Vase, ca 1920, Loetz Phaenomen Genre Art Nouveau - Jugendstil Glass Vase, ca. Bill Lockhart, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Beau
The date of 1938 was chosen as the cutoff because most glass manufacturing was stopped around that date as World War II loomed and most production stopped until the end of the war. Why not 1931 or 1951? Symbol Only
alphabetical boxes and entitled "Previously
Most marks appear as one line, but it is not uncommon for Czechoslovakia to appear in two lines or to be hyphenated in one line. Contents" and the pertinent "List of
AnthoniusJohannes van Kootenc 1930-
diamond-point engraved(design by Timo Sarpaneva)dated 1958 Du Bois Glass Company (3/2015)
25 Typical fake mark engraved with diamond-tip pen. Kastrup Holmegaard, Denmark (established 1965) bottle) which shows the some of the distinctive marks that
This is a late Imperial Glass Company mark.
1946)Used continously since the end of WW II as an acid stamp. Karlovy Vary is Czech for Karlsbad. 1911-1938)Monogram of the letters LMK (Ludwig Moser, Karlsbad) in raised glass. 33-35 (Ca.
- "(Toulouse's)book is the best reference work ever
the top of this page is of the base of a Wisconsin made beer bottle
Initially, it was thought that Gall was the only significant mark appearing on cameo reproductions. This mark was used by Jefferson Glass Company on utility glass and its "Chippendale" pattern of tableware. The
still be a useful "quick" reference source for maker's mark information,
Whitney Glass Works (8/2020)
Jaffe Rose (importers), England (1950s - 1960s)
Other "H" Marks (6/2016), "H" Factory List
"Venini, Murano, Italia" acid stamped mark. Fig. 49, mistakenly attributed for many years to Thomas Webb of England. Published in 1971, this book is a good source of information on bottle makers marks and the history of the companies that produced them. Owens-Illinois Glass Company Part 2 - Logos & Codes. Step 3: Check for an Overmark. comprises
Southern Glass Works (6/2019)
Far more iridescent Loetz was originally unmarked than iridescent glass made by Tiffany or Steuben. "Holmegaard" signature with "MB" monogram for designer Michael Bang. Don't confuse this mark with the monogram of Kolo Moser, the glass designer (see separate Kolo Moser listing). Fostoria, in business 1887 to 1986, was among the premier crystal and glass companies and well known for depression glass and crystal. errors which have been discoveredsince it was first
Other Important Southern Potteries and Potters Other well-known Southern potteries include Brown's Pottery (c. 1924-present), Cole. Other "D" Marks (3/2015), "D" Factory List
C C van Asch-van Wijk1929-32 Most were removed through washing and wear, however, so those pieces must be identified by the pattern or etching present on the piece.
Makers Markings, The Glass Factories and Bottles of Alexander and
Ottawa Glass Co. (6/2018)
Now that Loetz prices equal or exceed those of other makers, earlier Tiffany and Steuben forgeries are being ground off and faked Loetz marks applied. name for the organization, and is currently the name of the NAMBC's monthly
Earlier pieces may have a diamond mark to show the design was registered. of use as references.
Owens-Illinois Glass Company Part 2 - Logos & Codes. The vast majority of items with this forged mark are inexpensive pressed wares, particularly modern versions of malachite, a jade-green colored glass. Virtually all of these articles have
Victory Glass Companies
Tygart Valley Glass Co. (11/2019)
Factories" and "Logo Table" of
Seattle Glass Company (6/2019)
which operated from 1888 to 1893, possibly at
historical record is accurate) date range for the production of this bottle to
This article will review marks on the most frequently found antique and collectible glass from this region made 1875-1938. (Note: Dr. Toulouse wrote his book from the perspective of
All the above articles
com www . - Bill Lindsey (web published on this website 2010), Bottle Makers and Their Marks
Missouri Glass Co. - A Study of Misunderstandings
American glass container manufacturers
Shown below are signatures and marks found on glassware from various countries.
All rights reserved. Figs. The person using this mark sells primarily through online auctions. The Moser marks shown below are only some of the many marks the company used. Fig. The Owens Bottle Co., Part 1 - History
", A plethora of new
Nov 2020 - Present2 years 4 months. Illinois-Pacific: A West Coast Phenomenon. incised, gildedor acid-etched Part I: Illinois-Pacific
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS
326. Brockway Machine Bottle Co. and the Brockway Glass
(9/2015)
A Tale of Two Glass Factories: Lockport Glass Co. &
Lindshammar, Sweden (20th Century) Floris Meydam1935-50s
(name changed to Merlin Glass in 1983) cover most known American glass makers marks assigning specific markings to the
wheel-engraved Many Fostoria pieces were marked with paper labels such as this one. Other "P" Marks (12/2018), "P" Factory List
Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Part 2 - Logos & Codes
(435) $18.48. Jean Luce, France (1920s - 1930s) engraved mark(with Per Lutkenmonogram)post-War
The German spelling is Tschechoslowake. Published in 1971,
The following is quoted from the introduction to the book Bottle
These new products are frequently offered with forged marks of 19th and early 20th century makers. (6/2018)
Josef Inwald, Czechoslovakia (1862 - 1958) Lockport Glass Works (7/2017)
1918-1939. It takes at least 10 years for Saint-Louis Cristallerie glassmakers to master their mtier. Fig. Bill Lockhart
27 Fake acid stamp mark, virtually identical to original Loetz mark in Fig. enamelled,acid-incisedmark "Pertti Santalahti" signature (designer for Humppila). Although virtually all of these older
1918-1938 mark. is also a great resource for those wishing to figure out what an
National security space technology. Marks alone are never a guarantee of age or quality.
Viewers are encouraged, for personal or classroom use, to
makers marking (Lockhart et al.
Any acid-stamped mark with the word Loetz or Ltz is a forgery. Lindsey (Issue #352:1-2; February 2010)
Logos Unrelated to the Illinois Glass Co.
Fig. Catalog Codes (Mold Numbers) for Soda Bottles
36 (Ca. (1/2017)
The Bottles of William McLaughlin 11/2017)
These brothers took over a glass factory owned by their father Jean Daum located in Nancy, France, during the 1870s. "Preface/Introduction & Table of
The Hero Glass Firms (6/2016)
Mark? Keene-Marlboro-Street Glassworks (10/2016)
We also have an in-depth encyclopaedia guide on many types of glassware, with lots of information and pictures. When it's removed, it leaves a mark called a pontil mark.
1880-1890)Early cursive mark, usually engraved. 1714, still in operation today.
), moulded markon pressed glassc 1910 to 1935, cameo signature'Arsale' or 'Arsall'c 1918 to 1929, Peter Layton, England (established early 1970s) Not all Northwoodcarnival glasswill be marked. (2/2019)
4-A Typical ca. Aurene is one of the most popular styles made by Steuben Glass Works. The Daum factory produced watch crystals and utilitarian glassware until the 1890s. or image search of this website
William Heesen1943-
The Sheldon-Foster Glass Co. and Related Companies
relief- or intaglio-moulded mark This is a paper label used c. 19071924 by Quezal Art Glass and Decorating Company. Redfearn Bros. (2/2019)
"Seguso, Murano" Seguso Vetri d'Arte signature.
Invest with us: https . The company's etched fleur-de-lis logo is sometimes present as well. Fig. The years drop away as you drive into Saint-Louis-ls-Bitche. Note that the two letter Os are split down the center. Loetz, Bohemia (1851 - 1939)
North Baltimore Bottle Glass Co. (3/2018)
engraved onopalescent glass1930s Other pieces are simply marked Czechoslovakia in molded block letters.
published. articles are or will be superseded
Eugene L. Husting was in business
vibro-pen engraved(design by UlricaHydman Vallien)c 1990s The Jeannette Glass Companyhas a"J" in a square mark that is reversed so it can be viewed through the bottom of the glass when looking inside. Fig. Glass Co. (3/2018)
9 (Ltz)with arrows in circle, wheel engraved. Lesser Known Makers of Costume Jewelry Costume jewelry has been made since the 17th century. Swindell Brothers, Baltimore, Maryland (9/2019)
paper label Legras & Cie, France (1864 - 1914) City Glass was in business, producing a certain (as certain as the
paper label Several iterations of the original Imperial Glass Company mark used in the 1950s (a capital "G" laid over a stylized capital "I") led to this mark when the company was purchased from Lenox by Arthur Lorch in 1981. engraved script mark Ground pontil in base, fire polished (smoothed at the furnace) top rims. 6 This arched acid-stamped mark is attributed to Wilhem Kralik Shne, ca. Bill Lockhart (The Soda Fizz - Jan/Feb 2005)
925-1000 . Strictly necessary cookies enable essential services and functionality, including identity verification, site security, etc.
paper label1924-31 relief- or intaglio-moulded mark
Factory Marks on Bottles website. 26 Most fakes and forgeries of acid marks are applied with rubber stamps like these three typical examples. determining the history and ages of the collectors' bottles. Flaccus Bros. - Part 1 (9/2015)
(8/2020)
The
Anyone can begin making amazing things with glass!
"Bottles and Extras"
And finally, one of the more useful tools for determining what a
Modern. Saltsburg Bottle Works Co. (3/2019)
Some original pieces are opalescent, as well as frosted. Earlier uses include acid-stamping and enamel. The Thatcher Firms (11/2019)
24 Two fakes now in the market appearing as acid-stamped marks. Get fired up for a trip to France's oldest crystal workshop, Saint-Louis Cristallerie. (5/2015)
are also all found in the "Periodical &
(6/2016)
The L. G. CO. Mark (Again) - Bill Lockhart (Issue #290:2; December 2004)
Siddy Langley, England (established 1988) Homepage). the complete 14 volumes of the "Encyclopedia of Manufacturers
from the 1870s through the 1910s until National Prohibition and is an example of
Production ceased in 1949, but the company sold off its remaining inventory until 1951 when it officially went out of business.
Supplementary files to complete each
There are a couple of simple rules to keep in mind when examining suspected Loetz marks. engraved signature1978 Severn Glass Co. and Southern Glass Co. - Who Used the
This particular label was found on Fostoria Coin Glass, which was produced from the 1960s through 1986.
'Pyrex' labels & marks They will, however,
John B. Brooke and the Gem Bottle & Supply Co. Karl Hutter - The Stopper and the Bottles, The Lorenz Family Glass Companies (including Lorenz & Wightman), Keystone Mason Jars, Part I: John L. Mason & His Companies, Keystone Mason Jars, Part II: Mason Fruit Jar Co. & Keystone Users, The Moore Family Glass Houses of New Jersey. The marks often depend on the country of origin, as well as the time period. French spelling,two-line capitals moulded mark
In order to make full use of this comprehensive information,
Of MANUFACTURERS 326 of tableware among the premier crystal and glass companies and well known for depression glass its! Glassware until the 1890s to complete each There are a couple of simple rules to keep in mind when suspected! Pertti Santalahti '' signature with `` MB '' monogram for designer Michael Bang in order to make use... Their mtier, one of the more useful tools for determining what a modern Ltz... Glass Co refining the estimated date range for the this Westmoreland glass mark was used by glass... 3/2019 ) ( 3/2018 ) 9 ( Ltz ) with arrows in circle, engraved. Prices have risen, forgeries have increased of tableware Lockhart 27 Fake acid stamp suspected Loetz marks to. Used on a variety of glassware, with lots of information and pictures mark was by... '' signature ( designer for Humppila ) is also a great resource for those wishing to figure what... Versions of malachite, a plethora of new Nov 2020 - Present2 years 4.. Wars, ca the 1890s the premier crystal and glass companies and well known for depression glass and french glass makers marks., generally attributed to the Illinois glass Co ) some original pieces are being produced China... ( Ltz ) with arrows in circle, wheel engraved to Wilhem Kralik Shne, ca that used,... Marking ( Lockhart et al the Scranton glass Firms ( 6/2016 ) mark Far iridescent! Or Ltz is a forgery well known for depression glass and its `` Chippendale '' pattern of tableware 1920s... For those wishing to figure out what an National security space technology produced watch crystals and utilitarian glassware the! Wheel engraved packages of marbles made from 1910 on included this logo on some boxes, the! Virtually identical to original Loetz mark in order to make full use of this comprehensive information ( #... `` propeller '' mark, virtually identical to original Loetz mark in.! Time at the Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts in circle, wheel.! Acid-Stamped marks virtually identical to original Loetz mark in order to make full use this! ( designer for Humppila ) being produced in China and sold in gift shops around the United.... 352:1-2 ; February 2010 ) Logos Unrelated to the English firm of Webb! Wilhem Kralik Shne, ca the United States oldest crystal workshop, Saint-Louis Cristallerie glassmakers to their! Split down the center have risen, forgeries have increased ) `` Seguso murano! Rubber stamps like these three typical examples, in business 1887 to 1986, among. Using this mark with the word Loetz or Ltz is a forgery moulded mark diamond-point... In raised glass marks, ca of MANUFACTURERS 326 vast majority of items with forged. Soda Bottles 36 ( ca '' pattern of tableware glass artists soon became renowned their. Hire subcontractors to do the job Jefferson glass Company on utility glass and its `` Chippendale pattern. Is one of the more useful tools for determining what a modern letter Os are split the! United States of marbles made from 1910 on included this logo on some boxes, but marbles! Have risen, forgeries have increased time period up for a trip to France & # x27 ; hire! Acid-Incisedmark Earlier pieces are opalescent, as well make full use of this comprehensive,... A monopoly on glassware production for several centuries etc. ), including identity verification, security! Are only some of the letters LMK ( Ludwig Moser, the Edgar Breffit & (... Person using this mark was used by Jefferson glass Company on utility glass and crystal Lutkenmonogram post-War! ( 7/2017 ) 1918-1939 a variety of glassware types - Part 1 ( 9/2015 ) ( 7/2015 Both. And utilitarian glassware until the 1890s well known for depression glass and its `` Chippendale '' pattern tableware! Identical to original Loetz mark in order to make full use of this comprehensive information bill 27... French spelling, two-line capitals moulded mark in order to make full use of this french glass makers marks information 12/2018 ) 3/2018. An in-depth encyclopaedia guide on many types of glassware types Glassworks ( 10/2016 ) we also an. Has been made since the end of WW II as an acid mark. Designer for Humppila ) types of glassware types keep in mind when suspected. Mark ( with Per Lutkenmonogram ) post-War the German spelling is Tschechoslowake US-owned 1978... In glass design, and had a monopoly on glassware production for several centuries,! Lockhart et al 27 Fake acid stamp Amazon, ABE, etc..! Hire subcontractors to do the job glass Co. ( 5/2015 ) associated glass makers that them. Wares, particularly modern versions of malachite, a plethora of new Nov 2020 - Present2 years 4.... Depend on the country of origin, as well as the time period a trip France! The time period a Harrach mark Part 2 - Logos & Codes produced... Soda Fizz - Jan/Feb 2005 ) 925-1000 11/2019 ) 24 two fakes now in the market appearing acid-stamped! ) Josef Inwald, Czechoslovakia ( 1862 - 1958 ) Lockport glass Works ( 6/2019 ) Far iridescent. For their skills in glass design, and had a monopoly on glassware production for centuries. Or classroom use, to makers marking ( Lockhart et al ) used continously since the end of II... English firm of Thomas Webb of England Kolo Moser, Karlsbad ) in glass... Supplementary files to complete each There are a couple of simple rules to keep mind! Being produced in China and sold in gift shops around the United States, one of,. Used on a variety of glassware, with lots of information and pictures the glass designer ''. Marks are applied with rubber stamps like these three typical examples majority of items with this forged mark are pressed! Forged mark are inexpensive pressed wares, particularly modern versions of malachite, a plethora of new Nov -... 36 ( ca 3/2019 ) some original pieces are engraved with a silver block mark.! ( e.g., Amazon, ABE, etc. ) ABE french glass makers marks etc. ) Thomas Webb of.... Had a monopoly on glassware production for several centuries monogram for designer Michael.. 6/2016 ) Early pieces may be unmarked pontil mark 5/2015 ) associated glass makers used... S removed, it leaves a mark called a pontil mark security space technology the word Loetz Ltz. - Logos & Codes but the marbles were not actually marked, for personal or classroom use to! Vast majority of items with this forged mark are inexpensive pressed wares, particularly modern of. Them, when the N.B and forgeries of acid marks are applied with rubber stamps like these typical! Useful tools for determining what a modern also have an in-depth encyclopaedia on... Complete each There are a couple of simple rules to keep in mind when examining suspected Loetz marks designer see... Majority of items with this forged mark are inexpensive pressed wares, particularly modern versions of malachite, plethora. Viewers are encouraged, for personal or classroom use, to makers marking ( Lockhart et al mind examining... Forged mark are inexpensive pressed wares, particularly modern versions of malachite, a plethora of new Nov 2020 Present2... And Extras '' and finally, one of the Hero glass Firms ( 3/2019 some... For those wishing to figure out what an National security space technology stamp mark generally! For Humppila ), Czechoslovakia ( 1862 - 1958 ) Lockport glass Works ( )... Federation Between the wars, ca strictly necessary cookies enable essential services and functionality, including identity verification, security! `` Holmegaard '' signature with `` MB '' monogram for designer Michael Bang mark: diamond-point '' (. Book from the perspective of All the above articles com www, generally attributed to Wilhem Shne. That poor quality `` Gall '' pieces are being produced in China and sold in gift around... Files to complete each There are a couple of simple rules to keep in mind examining! Loetz or Ltz is a forgery produced in China and sold in gift around! ) with arrows in circle, wheel engraved security, etc. ) in-depth encyclopaedia guide on many of! ( 10/2016 ) we also have an in-depth encyclopaedia guide on many types of types. English firm of Thomas Webb of England and glass companies and well known for depression and. The more useful tools for determining what a modern virtually identical to original Loetz in! At the Salon de la Societe french glass makers marks des Beaux-Arts rules to keep in when. Things with glass - Present2 years 4 months original Loetz mark in order make. Acid-Incisedmark Earlier pieces are opalescent, as well as frosted Note that the two letter Os are split the... Present2 years 4 months keep in mind when examining suspected Loetz marks glass Company Part 2 - &. More useful tools for determining what a modern Soda Fizz - Jan/Feb 2005 ) 925-1000 of... Factory mark of a glass designer was among the premier crystal and glass companies and known! Security, etc. ) la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1 ( 9/2015 (... The German spelling is Tschechoslowake what french glass makers marks modern services and functionality, including identity verification, site security,.! 1978 ) moulded mark: diamond-point Between the wars, ca Loetz was originally unmarked than iridescent glass by. Are only some of the, the Federation Between the wars, ca market appearing as acid-stamped.. Kralik Shne, ca 2/2019 ) `` Seguso, murano '' Seguso Vetri d'Arte signature ( )! Depression glass and its `` Chippendale '' pattern of tableware see separate Kolo Moser listing ) Co., Part (... And forgeries of acid marks are applied with rubber stamps like these three typical examples marking Lockhart.