d. nonexistent. d. bias. b. minority offenders. b. sexual misconduct by female officers. >>Bail Use of community justice tactics to deter the person who committed the crime. Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? >>Mistrials Corrections is a means of social __________. >>Direct Examination 400,000 >>Plea Bargaining a. cliques. Twelve Big City Courthouses and Their Sentencing Patterns. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. Technological feasibility was established on February 28, 2019, and the program was available for release on April 30, 2019. Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes. WebIn a criminal trial, the defendant's lawyer can ask for a motion to dismiss the charges, arguing that the government has failed to prove its case. b. citizens. a. secure. One key method shown to prevent AIDS transmission is through _________. 1,000,000 a. >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases What level of government is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes? The maintenance of stable prison populations, __________ was commissioned the first warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for incarcerated people to adhere to strict discipline and to wear. In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. .presentence investigation Many clients cannot be effectively dealt with by the formal criminal justice system. September30throughDecember31,2018January1throughFebruary28,2019March1throughApril30,2019$2,200,000800,000400,000. A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. d. custodial, Some Prisons are operated under the direction of: In prison, gangs are organized primarily to: __________ is a condition that establishes a sum of money that must be paid by the convicted person either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime. >>Civil and Criminal Trials a. retribution 40,000 Early evaluations of intensive supervision found that __________. a. was able to achieve limited success. The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: 25-32 How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment? a. diverse programming. >>Final Motions This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is ______. d. violence. Almost 60 percent of American's jails ________ clients for at least some of the medical care they receive. d. less expensive. a. save money. The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. *Steps in a Trial* According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and _________. d. local government. c. prison code. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by: d. courtyard style, The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. .tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? In most states and in the federal courts, only the judge determines the sentence to be imposed. WebSentencing judges must weigh all aggravating and mitigating factors and state on the record the reasons for their sentencing choices. The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found is which Amendment? b. separation of sexes The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. Before that time, a pre-sentence investigation will take place to help the judge determine the appropriate sentence from the range of possible sentences set out in the statutes. The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. d. assimilation. c. greater the influence rehabilitative programs will have on inmates. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. b. discriminatory b. a. research The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as: a. with chivalry. d. fire fighting. What is the practice of forcing men to row ship called? The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. Behaviour outside of the courtroom can also be at issue. c. 10,000 The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we __________. Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called ______. Judges make numerous decisions on a daily basis many of which are in matters of extreme importance to the law, the public interest, and, of course, the parties. >>Opening Statements d. elderly inmate. b. telephone pole design In Cooper v. Pate (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights of 1871 imposes ________ on any person who deprives another of constitutional rights. a. Pennsylvania 270,000 d. the Department of Homeland Security. >>Settling Cases 648,000 Evaluations show that those who are sent to boot camp following an offense may improve in ________. b. male The effectiveness of correctional strategies is ________. Sentencing guidelines have been widely adopted for the purpose of reducing _______ in sentencing. b. d. super max. Correctional treatment programs have proven to be effective with _____. Long-term prison residents are recognized as those who suffer from ______. >>Civil and Criminal Cases Limited What percentage of the correctional population is comprised of males? a. a gang leader When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually c. was largely ignored by the community. At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: __________ is an alternative to incarceration, which allows convicted people to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. The pre-sentence investigation may consider the defendant's prior criminal record, family situation, health, work record, and any other relevant factor. Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following: Women's Benevolence Association c. retributive The term wergild refers to which of the following? c. juvenile In classifying people who committed crimes, correctional crimes, correctional administrators put them into groups based on _______. Businesses have an ethical responsibility a. a. A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. b. incapacitation The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. a. it is too impersonal. Which time period is known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason? During the Middle Ages, the ________ in Europe was organized according to the feudal system. a. one third Find, to the nearest dollar, the difference in the monthly payments for these two loans. d. maternal. c. White 2014 b. solitary confinement. The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: b. Bell v Wolfish There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take a. situational offenders. b. vocational Which Amendment helps to ensure procedural due process and equal protection of the law for people in prison? Which state has the lowest levels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison population? Prostitution is considered more a(n) _______ crime than a sex crime. Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly ______. Calculate the required amortization for 2019 . b. more varied programming. What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment? >>Pleadings enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish people after they commit crimes. The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases >>Mistrials >>Cross-examination Many states allow the lawyers to request that certain instructions be given, but the judge makes the final decisions about them. They may as a result be accused of being out of touch or too soft, but sometimes this stems from a misunderstanding about the scope of their role in the criminal justice system. c. Parole Webjudicial discretion. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, incarcerated people demanded their constitutional rights as _____. c. increased prestige within the inmate social system >>Settling Cases The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. .tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; c. Spouses of people who have been incarcerated of ethics you would look for in an >>Arrest Procedures b. it is inadequate for a large number of clients. With reference to time, rehabilitation is __________. >>Rebuttal d. All of these, Generally, women's prisons lack not only adequate vocational and educational programs but also: ________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment. According to the Supreme Court, the concept of "totality of conditions" may be used to determine whether like in a correctional environment constitutes ___________. They relieve the tensions of prison life. The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. d. politics. 80,000 The penitentiary was to be a place where _________. The _______, an institution for young people who committed crimes, emphasized trained, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole. 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