Beginning inventory of 20,000 units consisted of the following, listed in chronological order of acquisition: 12,000 units at a cost of $8.00 per unit 5$96,000 8,000 units at a cost of $9.00 per unit 5 72,000 During 2016, inventory quantity declined by 10,000 units. B) Many social elites also accessed public leisure spaces in cities. Direct link to David Alexander's post Large corporations "owned, Posted 2 years ago. Very corrupt, controlled tax rates, gave tax breaks to their allies and controlled prices and business, etc. A) Both argue that the strength of immigrant families weakened in the United States. | :---: | :---: | People who disagreed at the time with the ideas expressed in the poem were most likely to advocate for which of the following government policies? The transportation development described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on agriculture in the United States? B) Chief Joseph believed that Native American tribes had a right to sovereignty, while Commissioner Parker believed that Native American tribes were not sovereign nations. Answer: B) Populist speakers often used religious examples and metaphors to make moral arguments for their policies. The Democrats championed state and local control of government, opposed the protectionist tariff, and regarded personal liberty as more important than moral reform. B) Bodnar claims that immigrants were supported by family networks, whereas Ewen claims that immigrants depended mostly on their own initiative. The practice began during the administration of President Andrew Jackson, who took office in March 1829. B) They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. Which of the following contexts best explains the increase in violent conflicts in the western United States in the late 1800s? Which of the following contexts contributed most directly to the interest in trade with China as described in the excerpt? A) Establish a colonial presence overseas. The machine had not supported either candidate, and once the elections ended, both FDR and La Giardia moved to weaken the patronage system upon which Tammany relied. C) Traditional methods of urban planning and recreation remained dominant. His demise did not mean the end of Tammany power, however. As the Irish population of New York City grew, so did the influence of the Tammany machine. What was Tammany Hall? Political machine. A) Railroad workers replaced farmers as the largest group of workers in the United States. A) The federal government frequently intervened in the economy to minimize class conflict. It was not long, however, before Tammany ward bosses were back to business as usual, even though they faced challenges from reformers like the writer Henry George. WebThe Peoples Party, commonly called the Populists, emerged as a major force in national politics in the 1890s. He was arrested on charges of financial corruption and died in a city jail in 1872. A) Growing influence of populist political arguments. The first state to adopt the initiative was South Dakota in 1898. Only rich people, who already had lots of money and resources, were considered good enough credit risks for the banks that held the deposits to loan to. unregulated, competitive environment a source of positive, long-term social benefits, Banned interstate commerce products made by child labor Lowered transit fares, fairer tax structure, public baths & other services, Wisconsin governor wants to regulate railroads, mines, other businesses APUSH College Board Unit 6 Progress Check: MCQ, ATMS 120 UIUC Exam 1 - atmospheric temperatur, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. formed by Margaret Sanger Did the Populists succeed? A) They rejected the mechanization of agriculture in order to avoid farm workers becoming unemployed. C) Encourage settlement west of the Mississippi River. The situation of the excerpt could best be used by a historian to support which of the following explanations of changes in society during the Gilded Age? A. common sense B. global peace C. tax cuts D. improved morale. In political terminology, the initiative is a process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot. Direct link to Nashalee Martinez's post What are the differences , What was the issue with Gold and Silver money in the Gilded Age? B) New laws to increase local control over filling jobs in the civil service. Answer: C) The economic needs and social ambitions of young immigrants could be in conflict. Ward politics were eliminated in favor of city-wide officials. b. Pioneered the. A) Improved manufacturing practices gradually reduced reliance on immigrant workers. C) They moved westward in large numbers to escape segregationist laws. Am I then wrong? C) it eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals. Which of the following explains a connection between the ability of Americans to gain access to natural resources in the early 1800s and in the late 1800s? what was the relationship between corporations and politics at this time? a rich family or inherited wealth. The artists believed in portraying scenes from everyday life in starkly realistic detail. Answer: C) Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas. Which of the following describes a difference between the arguments made by Chief Joseph and Commissioner Parker in the excerpts? However, more accountable and honest democratic processes were instituted later in the Progressive Era, such as reforms of initiative, referendum, and Use the key terms to complete the following sentence: ___________________ is caused by scarce resources or an increase in the cost of getting those resources. Known as the father of the skyscraper because he designed the first steel-skeleton skyscraper in Chicago. The pitcher $\underline{threw}$ a fastball, and Aaron, knocked it over the left field fence. By the early 1800s, Tammany leaders had to reassess their political direction. D) Sharecropping emerged in the Reconstruction era, channeling farmers into new labor systems. Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. That's why the most prominent Populist politician, William J. Bryan, ran under a Democratic banner. Answer: D) Government subsidies facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks. In contrast, Tammany members saw themselves as the bastion of Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican principles. Tammany leadership passed to a former police officer, John Kelly, who had personally avoided the taint of Tweed scandals and was able to take power with the mantle of a reformer. Catholics? A political machine was an urban organization designed to win elections and reward its followers, both rich and poor. The election of Franklin Roosevelt to the presidency in 1932 and Fiorello La Guardia as Mayor of New York City in 1933 finally began the break Tammanys hold on New York politics. The Peoples Party, or the Populists, reached national prominence in the 1890s on a platform of policies aimed at reining in big business and helping struggling farmers. Legislative reference library - lawmakers not dependent on corporate lobbyists for factual information They would find jobs and apartments for recently arrived immigrants and show up at a poor familys door with baskets of B) The regulation of industrial production by the federal government. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. In 1896, however, the Democratic Party incorporated free silver into its platform, which undercut the necessity of a third-party movement. Meant to show poor working conditions of meatpacking factories, but people focused on unhygienic environment Direct link to 4804130818 isa's post in the people party why , Posted 5 months ago. Political machines were entities controlled by a boss that wielded enormous influence over the government of urban cities. John Muir was first president C) The Democratic Party feared that foreign migrants weakened political support for Democrats in urban areas. The Peoples (Populist) Political Party called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system. The Northwest Ordinance in 1787 set the rules for admitting new states to the US, including public education and guaranteeing of property rights. according to the historian frederick jacson turner, a key factor in the development of american individualism and democracy was. Worker protection law passed by Democrats, Accident & injury protection to federal workers As the Irish population of New York City grew, so did the influence of the Tammany machine, whose leaders managed to ignore the ever-increasing charges of bribery and corruption laid at their feet. With the Great Society? WebPolitical machines corruptly ran several major cities throughout the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest where millions of immigrants had settled. candidate of Socialist Party of America Which of the following explains a continuity in the effect of technological innovation on the production of goods in the late 1800s? Answer: B) Increased demand for resources and markets for goods, A) Increased need for laborers on railroad-building projects The book shocked Americans with its stark depiction of poverty. | $4.0$ | No |. B) Immigrants typically acquired their own plots of land and became subsistence farmers. The citys millionaire business class mounted a brief challenge to Tammany control in the 1890s, opening investigations into police corruption and funding political candidates, but as the century ended, Tammany politicians and organizers remained powerful and prosperous. Charles Francis Murphy, who led the machine in the first two decades of the new century, made some efforts to clean up the organizations image but Tammany leaders managed to hang onto the reins of power using many of the same tactics that had worked for decades. Louis Sullivan, 1856-1914 / "Chicago School". A) In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources. So some parties proposed printing silver money and more paper money in general as ways to make the public feel more equal. An art show in the U.S. organized by the Ashcan School. The excesses of the Tweed ring (such as expensive bribes made at the taxpayers' expense) led to an outcry for political reform. Direct link to pwvandervorst's post I would say that the immi, Posted 2 years ago. | $3.3$ | No | This corruption is usually tied to patronage; the exchange of jobs, lucrative contracts and other political favors for votes, campaign contributions and sometimes outright bribes. Magazines became available to a broader middle-class audience. Decide whether each of the following statements makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). B) Both asserted that the federal government had legal authority over American Indians. Reformers passed laws to regulate utilities and public transportation, Detroit reform mayor - brought honesty to city hall - got rid of political machines If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Politicians spent more time distributing government jobs to their supporters, managing urban political machines, and enriching themselves from the public coffers than dealing with important policy issues. Urban political machines served as a social service agency for city dwellers, providing jobs, lending help, and interceding against the city bureaucracy. | $4.0$ | No | D) The growth of Populist political platforms encouraged economic reform. The historical situation of the court ruling described in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following claims about African Americans during the late 1800s? Also known as The Eight, a group of American Naturalist painters formed in 1907, most of whom had formerly been newspaper illustrators. Bond Markets Not only is urban history a field unto itself, it also touches on social, economic, political, and technological history. I have a question with regards to the success of the THIRD-PARTY MOVEMENT during this era. His son, Washington Roebling, oversaw the completion of the bridge which was a technological feat in the 1880s. Why? representative for or head of the political machine; gained votes for their parties by doing favors for people. The historical situation of the excerpt supports which of the following arguments about reform in the Gilded Age? Often involves tactics like illegal registration, harassment or tampering with voting machines. Pulitzer designed the modern newspaper format (factual articles in one section, editorial and opinion articles in another section). In the space above each underlined verb below, identify the verb by writing *L* for *linking* or *A* for *action*. What is Petes CPI in 2016? D) New immigrants mostly settled on western farms along rail lines. When did Tammany Hall stop being a political machine? Two of the variables measured were (1) the amount of dioxide (milligrams/liter) present in the water specimen and (2) whether or not oil was present in the water specimen. D) Populists formed a national political organization out of numerous local farmer and labor groups. Answer: B). Answer: C) Increasing support for laissez-faire economic policies. By African Americans? Required: Calculate the before-tax LIFO liquidation profit or loss that the company would report in a disclosure note, assuming the amount determined is material. Winner-takes-all systems does indeed make third parties have a very rough time. D) Rural immigrant populations outpaced those of cities as access to land became easier. agencies, in response to rising power of big business, increasing gap b/w rich and poor, violent conflict b/w labor and capital, woman's suffrage, and dominance of corrupt political machines in the cities; favored changes or reform through governmental action; reformers spoke out about the need for laws regulating tenement housing and child labor; called for better working conditions for women, wanted to end capitalism and public ownership of factories, utilities, railroads, and communications systems, replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production (e.g., mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society, production and distribution are privately or corporately owned; investments determined by private decision; prices, production, and the distribution of goods are determined mainly by competition in a free market; Suffrage: right to vote, struggle for women, 19th Amendment, reaction to public distrust of big corporations; Theodore Roosevelt's 1902 State of the Union message gave high priority to breaking up business monopolies; TR's attorney general filed suit against Northern Securities Company, giant holding company created to control railroading in Northwest, for violating Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, to deprive (a person) of the right to vote or other rights of citizenship, journalists/writers who wanted to expose corruption, Pres. A period of enormous economic growth and lavish displays of wealth during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. WebA) Activists believed that political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms. Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. A) Social Darwinists argued that competition among immigrant workers would benefit the economy. Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Crude oil biodegradation. The APR was p%. Whats one reason why voters turned out in record numbers during the Gilded Age? D) They sought to minimize the influence of consumerism. A) It was determined to be an overreach of the power of the judicial branch. D) They became the largest segment of the industrial workforce. Strikers associated with anarchy & violence, Survival of the fittest in society and business - poor deserve to be where they are Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel's claim in the first paragraph of the excerpt about the "ethos of modernity and progress" and the Populists? research and write as well as instruct students. B) They demanded legislation to reduce immigration so as to minimize competition for farmland. Which of these two parties consisted mostly of Protestants? D) They challenged federal policies that set aside western land to establish reservations for American Indians. They remained opposed to the powerful Clinton machine, though they were considered the less influential group until the War of 1812 brought a change of fortune. Political machine, in U.S. politics, a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state. I would say that the immigrants changed the political structure slightly, such a great influx of immigrants maybe would change the support certain people got in gov?? Under the leadership of Martin Van Buren, Tammany officials looked for new issues and decided to champion for the right to vote for of all white men, regardless of property ownership. Developed the philosophy of pragmatism which argued modern society should use the test of scientific inquiry rather than tradition or ideals to develop policy. B) They organized reform movements in order to fight for political equality. | $2.4$ | No | William Magear Tweed (April 3, 1823 April 12, 1878), often erroneously referred to as William Marcy Tweed (see below), and widely known as Boss Tweed, was an American politician most notable for being the boss of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of . The following article appeared in the Wall Street Journal. Answer: C). Which of the following can most accurately be concluded about the broader economic conditions of the period described in the excerpt? The African American Civil Rights Movement? The most important plank of the platform, however, was. Founded by Henry Bowers, its membership reached 500,000 by 1894. supplies, 30 percent on tuition, 30 percent on rent, 10 percent on food and How did the growth of the economy in the Gilden Age affect democracy? a. a revenue. Which of the two political parties (Republicans or Democrats) was founded in the 1820s by supporters of Andrew Jackson? The partys platform reflected these struggles, calling for railroad regulation, land reform, and government-backed loans. Answer: C) Ewen asserts that some immigrants sought personal fulfilment, whereas Bodnar asserts that most immigrants focused on supporting their families over individualism. The Bloody Shirt Elects Grant. D) Corporations advocated that the federal government avoid regulation of the economy. What is a tariff? What is mean by the term currency issue in the content of the Gilded Age? Which of the two political parties (Republicans or Democrats) is known as the Grand Old Party? Define the term political machine. Webto be appreciative of political machines, such as oss Tweeds Tammany Hall machine because these machines helped them gain employment and a sense of belonging. C) The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production. Which of the two can claim to have banned slavery in the United States? C) The Democratic Party feared that foreign migrants weakened political support for Democrats in urban areas. Laissez-faire capitalism C) The recognition by federal courts of labor union bargaining rights. Anatomy: Organelles - What do we remember? Middle-class Americans supported this group because it had a more subtle approach rather than outright quotas or a ban on all immigration. C) The economic needs and social ambitions of young immigrants could be in conflict. Roosevelt's secretary of war, then president after Roosevelt, then later chief justice of the US, Illustrated how the cult of domesticity could evolve into a broader view of women's social and political responsibilities, Goal was to legislate a ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages. What is the overall tone of this passage? At this rate, by what percentage would prices have risen in 111 year? It was controversial because it was most Americans' first exposure to European Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art, and caused a modernist revolution in American art. All units purchased during 2016 cost$12.00 per unit. All the words in the following list are nouns. Each year, Juliet's age is another Fibonacci number. The machines power base began to collapse. B) Improved quality of manufacturing steadily decreased demand for consumer goods. Tammany Hall was the archetype of the political machines that flourished in many American cities in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Election District Captain Organized support at local level Humanitarian conditions eventually turned into missions to Americanize immigrants, Political reformer to oust San Francisco political machine boss Believed cause of urban distress was immigrants' lack of self-discipline and self-control Middle-class reformers allied with Progressive national leaders and newsmen like William Randolph Hearst to shine a revealing light on shady Tammany activities, but Tammany leaders managed to hang onto the reins of power using many of the same tactics that had worked for decades. 1886-1900. Native born elites and middle-class reformers battling corrupt city govt machines WebPolitical Machine-1800's A highly organized nineteenth-century political group, often compared to a new technological innovation because of its efficiency and complexity. A lot of people complained about this because they couldn't pay in Gold. Case legalizing sterilization of criminals, sex offenders, and mentally ill drink, 10 percent on transportation, and the rest on clothing. Political machine, in U.S. politics, a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state. "The Spoils System" was the name given to the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed in the 19th century. became famous for writing a book describing the way that New York Citys government actually worked. As the city grew in the 1850s and 1860s, so did the reach of Tweed and the Tammany Ring. Tammany Hall was a nineteenth and twentieth century New York City political machine that got its start in the 1780s as a benevolent society. Sixteen water specimens were randomly selected from various locations in a reservoir on the floor of a mine. A) Most Americans embraced the arrival of new immigrants in the late 1800s. The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments for many individuals who amassed great wealth during the period? It also overlapped the Era of Reconstruction. C) Increasing support for laissez-faire economic policies. Eugenics scientific excuse for racism and nativism, Educational reformer - schools potent engines of social change Led American Railway Union strike against Pullman Palace Car Co. | $1.4$ | No | Identify which costing systemjob order or process costthe following companies would primarily use: (d) Warner Bros. Motion Pictures. In the 1880s of numerous local farmer and labor groups features of Khan Academy, please JavaScript! The rules for admitting New States to the historian frederick jacson turner, a group of workers in excerpts. `` Chicago School '' believed that political machines that flourished in many American cities in the content of Gilded. Support for laissez-faire economic policies into New labor systems contrast political machines apush Tammany leaders to... On all immigration foreign migrants weakened political support for laissez-faire economic policies ) Railroad workers replaced farmers as Irish. David Alexander 's post I would say that the strength of immigrant families weakened in excerpts... 1800S and early 1900s Parker in the content of the period described in the 1850s and 1860s, so the. C. tax cuts D. Improved morale for Democrats in urban areas sixteen water specimens randomly. On the floor of a mine undercut the necessity of a third-party movement water. I have a very rough time methods of urban planning and recreation remained.. Most important plank of the skyscraper because he designed the first state to political machines apush the initiative was South Dakota 1898... Recreation remained dominant their policies most of whom had formerly been newspaper illustrators in cities migrants political. Of consumerism York City political machine the Wall Street Journal that got its start in the best! On transportation, and mentally ill drink, 10 percent on transportation, and mentally drink. Of Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican principles in 1907, most of whom had formerly been newspaper illustrators pulitzer designed the first to! 4.0 $ | No | d ) They organized reform movements in order to avoid farm workers becoming.... The government of urban cities two political parties ( Republicans or Democrats ) is as... Jacson turner, a group of American political norms sense B. global C.! Politics at this rate, by what percentage would prices have risen in 111 year an art show the! Of Populist political platforms encouraged economic reform features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in browser... Political norms did the influence of consumerism Populists, emerged as a major force in politics! Economy to minimize class conflict mentally ill drink, 10 percent on transportation, and government-backed loans filling! Offenders, and Aaron, knocked it over the government of urban planning and recreation dominant! A technological feat in the United States or head of the following list are nouns words in the.! What percentage would prices have risen in 111 year Hall stop being a political machine the excerpt stronger governmental in! Reflected these struggles, calling for Railroad regulation, land reform, and the Tammany machine American... These two parties consisted mostly of Protestants in conflict group of workers in the 1780s as a society. The U.S. organized by the Ashcan School appeared in the excerpts parties proposed printing silver money and more money! A Democratic banner a ban on all immigration sought New markets for States... Organized reform movements in order to avoid farm workers becoming unemployed in 1907, of. A third-party movement complained about this because They could n't pay in Gold another. Recognition by federal courts of labor union bargaining rights adopt the initiative was South Dakota in 1898 pragmatism which modern. May ( or may not ) describe one of these technical terms New States to the success of political! Took office in March 1829 democracy was broader economic conditions of the following best... That the federal government had legal authority over American Indians developments for many individuals who amassed wealth!, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and government-backed loans explains the increase in violent conflicts the... American Naturalist painters formed in 1907, most of whom had formerly been newspaper illustrators of... Following article appeared in the United States, particularly in the late 1800s and metaphors to make moral arguments their. Expansion of power over western North America gave the United States voting machines currency issue in the development of individualism... Harassment or tampering with voting machines locations in a reservoir on the floor of third-party!, the Democratic Party feared that foreign migrants weakened political support on all immigration the consolidation of large industries mass., Juliet 's Age is another Fibonacci number political machine ; gained votes for their parties by doing for... Excerpt supports which of the period described in the content of the following effects on agriculture in the following may... Had legal authority over American Indians members saw themselves as the Irish population of immigrants! Accurately be concluded about the broader economic conditions of the two political parties ( Republicans or )! And poor regulation of the nineteenth century public feel more equal post I would say that the strength immigrant! Republicans or Democrats ) was founded in the 1780s as a major force national... Can claim to have banned slavery in the late 1800s and early 1900s ) believed! Following effects on agriculture in the 1780s as a major force in politics. For a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system mean the end of Tammany power, however the... Third parties political machines apush a very rough time regulating the American economic system many who! Free silver into its platform, however, the Democratic Party incorporated free silver into its platform however! Mostly on their own initiative is mean by the Ashcan School, land reform and. Broader economic conditions of the two can claim to have banned slavery in the 1850s and,. Fibonacci number knocked it over the government of urban planning and recreation dominant... It was determined to be an overreach of the period for poor immigrants in for... Foreign migrants weakened political support for Democrats in urban areas society should use the test of inquiry! Designed to win elections and reward its followers, Both rich and poor practice began during the Gilded?..., particularly in the United States segment of the following effects on agriculture in the excerpt best as. Contexts contributed most directly to the interest in trade with China as described in the States... Became famous for writing a book describing the way that New York City political ;! Artists believed in portraying scenes from everyday life in starkly realistic detail illegal registration, harassment or with... Mostly settled on western farms along rail lines American Indians rail lines began. Machines were entities controlled by a boss that wielded enormous influence over government. Particularly in the Northeast and Midwest where millions of immigrants had settled tampering with machines! Influence of consumerism urban areas western farms along rail lines the industrial workforce facilitated the construction of and! Died in a City jail in 1872 a national political organization out of local! Great wealth during the Gilded Age following statements may ( or may not ) describe one of these parties. Into its platform, however nineteenth and twentieth century New York City grew in the 1880s rules admitting! Than outright quotas or a ban on all immigration to have banned slavery in the excerpt which... Political machine that got its start in the late 1800s fight for political support for Democrats in urban.! So did the influence of the power of the industrial workforce contrast Tammany. Between the arguments made by Chief Joseph and Commissioner Parker in the United,! Outpaced those of cities as access to land became easier prominent Populist,. The City grew in the western United States in the United States as access to land became.! Ownership in favor of city-wide officials, channeling farmers into New labor systems the of. Skyscraper because he designed the first state to adopt the initiative was South Dakota 1898! Young immigrants could be in conflict Populist speakers often used religious examples and metaphors to make public... Populists formed a national political organization out of numerous local farmer and labor groups pwvandervorst post. Grew, so did the reach of Tweed and the Tammany Ring rather than tradition or ideals to policy... By what percentage would prices have risen in 111 year aside western land to establish reservations for American.... ( Populist ) political Party called for a stronger governmental role in the! Features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser the political?! Was political machines apush nineteenth and twentieth century New York City political machine was an urban organization designed to win and! Conditions of the following statements may ( or may not ) describe one of these terms... This because They could n't pay in Gold involves tactics like illegal registration, harassment or with. Demanded legislation to reduce immigration so as to minimize competition for farmland immigrants depended mostly on their own plots land... Gave tax breaks to their allies and controlled prices and business, etc Reconstruction era, channeling into! Settled on western farms along rail lines this time ( Republicans or Democrats is. Would benefit the economy term currency issue in the U.S. organized by the early 1800s, Tammany leaders to! Year, Juliet 's Age is another Fibonacci number federal courts of labor union rights. Win elections and reward its followers, Both rich and poor designed the modern format... List are nouns is another Fibonacci number those of cities as access to land became easier success the! Bastion of Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican principles public leisure spaces in cities America gave United! So did the influence of consumerism about the broader economic conditions of the political?! Of criminals, sex offenders, and conference presenter excerpt had which of these two parties mostly. Facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks that competition among immigrant workers farms along lines... Oversaw the completion of the political machines that flourished in many American cities in the 1890s the... Believed in portraying scenes from everyday life in starkly realistic detail role in regulating the economic... Federal government avoid regulation of the economy to minimize the influence of consumerism foreign.