California (5,572 Estimated Casualties). The war was fought largely in North Vietnam and South Vietnam, though some fighting did occur in the neighboring territories of Cambodia and Laos. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. When reunification elections were set to start, South Vietnamese government officials refused to participate. This article displays the highest percentage of casualties among American units, including those wiped out as an effective force. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. The vietnam war Pictures That Moved Them Most . Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. [52] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass killings committed by South Korean forces that approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre, with reports of thousands of routine murders of civilians, primarily the elderly, women and children. [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Total. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. Support for the war was lacking in the United States, so the decision was made to discontinue efforts there. . The majority of these soldiers were between the ages of 21 and 28. The following general rules are observed: (2) AVIATION UNIT PERSONNEL in the Navy, Marines, and Air Force are indexed at the, (3) NAVAL PERSONNEL, other than aviation personnel, are indexed by, * American Foreign Policy in the First Indochina War. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. the Vietnam War). Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. The Geneva conference established a treaty that split the nation of Vietnam in half for the time being, with reunification elections set to be held in 1956. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. Before the Second World War, Vietnam was occupied by the colonial French empire. Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. [33][34] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. "[56] Another Marine commander, Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr., added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. Seeing an opportunity to seize control, Ho's Viet Minh . In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. * The last U.S. infantry unit was pulled from the field on Aug. 11, 1972, so U.S. casualties dramatically declined. Including 28 civilians, originally there were 52 missing civilians. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Furthermore, the murder of children was not uncommon to prevent them from joining the armed forces in the future, making up around 15% of total deaths. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. The war cost the United States over $120 billion and the lives of over 58,000 troops. Officer casualties of all branches were overwhelmingly white. (The estimates for 195564 are much higher than other estimates). Using the university's mainframe computers to read the reel-to-reel computer tapes, Tom integrated the two databases and converted the information into a commonly used small-computer format. Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed. Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. KIA. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. Rummel estimates 212,000 killed by Khmer Rouge (19671975), 60,000 killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by South Vietnam (196773). Ordering Information for Electronic Records. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General), 1 June 1953, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Battalion, List of battles with most United States military fatalities, "The Old Northwest Territory: America's First Great Westward Expansion", "St. Clair's Campaign of 1791: A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army", http://www.gdg.org/Research/MOLLUS/mollus7.html, "Chapter 3: The Siege and Capture of Corregidor", "Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment", "The Korean War. Over 58,000 American troops were killed in Vietnam, with more still not identified. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. I feel like its a lifeline. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam on a smaller scale, South Korea suffered more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . It was first used in 1962 and was effective at its job. Deaths in the Vietnam War. Vietnam Syndrome Overview & Analysis | What is Vietnam Syndrome? 7,484 women served in Vietnam, of whom 6,250 or 83.5% were nurses. Based on unit surveys, . I had just returned from Iraq and was working with Vietnam veterans who'd served in . The important statistics and information to remember from this lesson are: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. One study estimated that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1966, An Expanding War, 1982 . [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. Richard Coffelt's health began failing, and on 29 October 2010 he made his last contributions to the Coffelt Database. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. Battle of Hamburger Hill. And John Sullivan enlisted in the Navy after graduating high school and served as a second class machinist mate during the Vietnam War. Conflict. In that respect, it failed: the two Vietnams were united under a communist banner in July 1976. Answer (1 of 3): !st Cavalry Division KIA - 5,444 WIA - 26,592 Total Casualties - 32,036 The First Team was in VN from Aug 1965 until Aug 1972 Per: Willbanks, James H. (2013). Omissions? The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. In addition to patrolling, Navy PBRs participated with . It is suspected that over 1.2 million of these deaths were murders. | 9 SOG had a casualty rate of 100 percenteveryone who served in SOG was either wounded, most multiple times, or . Many deaths, however, were not completely targeted as they were the result of chance, being in the wrong place at the wrong time. The following is a chart of all casualties, listed by race, and in descending order. The total number of officer casualties, commissioned and warrant, are 7,877. [5], Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. This includes US military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or non-hostile occurrence, or who were missing in action or prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. Create your account. . He received his B.A. 80 lessons (1) GROUND FORCE PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the Regimental level but there are exceptions. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. Data for this series of conflicts includes military personnel killed in the attacks on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and in Afghanistan and elsewhere since those dates. 58,220. Though the Vietnamese army incurred more casualties, it was a . Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. In 2002, an early version of the Coffelt Database was deeded to the National Archives, which made it available on-line as a searchable database. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. Causes of ongoing deaths and side effects include. Aid sent from other nations to the South Vietnamese effort waged about 5,000 total deaths. . . Korean War Casualties Vietnam Casualties Advanced search Export results Vietnam Casualties. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. The Vietnamese, in the midst of the fighting, only had a growing desire to separate from colonial France and create their own nation. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. An error occurred trying to load this video. The numbers below are not exact, as there are still personnel who have not been identified or are identified as missing. He estimates that between 30 and 46% of the total war deaths were civilians. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. The Vietnam War began mainly over political conflict between Ho Chi Minh's Communist state of North Vietnam and the U.S.-supported democracy of South Vietnam. Others now continue the work Richard began 30 years ago. [1] Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. Civil War Deaths | How Many People Died in the Civil War? Combat Area Casualties Dataset. [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they . The above figures on missing and wounded were calculated using Hanoi's declared casualty ratios for the period of 1945 to 1979, during which time the Communists incurred 1.1 million killed, 300,000 missing, and 600,000 wounded. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. The United States had provided funding, armaments, and training to South Vietnams government and military since Vietnams partition into the communist North and the democratic South in 1954. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . Following the end of French colonial rule in 1954 and break-up of the former French Indochina, the United States assumed the political mentorship and primary . [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). Veterans were viewed negatively for their participation in the war, even if it was not by their choice to do so. How to Order a Draft Record. [66][67] After the U.S.'s withdrawal from the conflict, the Pentagon estimated PAVN/VC deaths at 39,000 in 1973 and 61,000 in 1974. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. The United States lost 58,220 known military personnel. Although demographers have developed a reper- Regarding killed in action the 1st Marine Division was the unit with the highest . The Vietnam War was a long, deadly struggle that took place from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Colonial France inhabited Vietnam through the end of World War II. [79], The total number of American personnel who were KIA or died non-hostile deaths, were enlisted personnel with a casualty number of 50,441. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. Both were present at the Battle of Ia Drang, the first large-scale engagement of the Vietnam War. Ho Khang, ed, Marilyn Young. For details of the total number of Australians who died during the Vietnam War, 1962- 1975, please refer to Deaths as a result of service with Australian units.. Statistics: Total Australian service casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962-72 Learn about Vietnam war statistics and casualties. Corrections? Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties. No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. . In 1993-94, after PCs had become commonplace, Tom Holloway (Emory University, Atlanta) changed the landscape by obtaining the Department of Defense's casualty database and the Army Adjutant General's database in digital form. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. 88,594. In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. This prompted the official start of the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. The U.S. military reported 58,220 American casualties. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Answer (1 of 4): The Army lost the most which makes sense as they had the most number of soldiers serve in Vietnam. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The United States also reduced support troops, and in March 1971 the 5th Special Forces Group, the first American unit deployed to South Vietnam, withdrew to Fort Bragg, . ^ 1st Cavalry Division was the unit with most casualties suffered during the Vietnam War with 32,036; including 5,444 KIA and 26,592 wounded. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. Pentagon statistics listed 39,000 and 61,000 PRG/DRV dead for the same time period.". An estimate by the Department of Defense after the war gave a figure of 1.2 million civilian casualties, including 195,000 deaths. It is unknown how much aid was lost from North Vietnamese allies. The steady aeromedical evacuation and in-theater care performed by the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) in Southeast, The official News page of the Air Force Medical Service, providing the latest articles about Air Force Medicine and the Air Force. Revolutionary War. It is still a concern in Southeast Asia today. Posted By: Jagermeister, 2/27/2023 4:40:17 PM Military historian and Hillsdale College professor Mark Moyar has just published Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968, which is the second in what will become a massive three-volume revision of the entire Vietnam War. Army Huey's totaled 9,713,762 flight hours in Vietnam between October 1966 and the end of American involvement in early 1973. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. AIR FORCE * 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. We searched NARA's Access to Archival Databases (AAD) and located the following databases pertaining to Vietnam War casualties: Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War database in the Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection (COFF) Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the . Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . Air Group or Air Wing level when necessary, At other levels when appropriate for Headquarters and minor assigned unit personnel, Commissioned ship name (i.e., "USS WHATEVER"), Task Force level (TF 115, TF 116, TF 117) for personnel assigned to the riverine and coastal forces, Naval Support Activity level for the shore establishment, Fleet Marine Force unit for Navy personnel assigned to FMF units, SEAL/UDT and SeaBee personnel are indexed under the next higher command. Material presented throughout this website is for historical and entertainment value only and should not to be construed as usable for hardware restoration, maintenance, or general operation. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. Major Bruce Crandall made over 20 flights into intense enemy fire during a battle in the Ia Drang Valley, South Vietnam, in November 1965, evacuating 70 wounded and delivering ammunition. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1967, Fighting the North Vietnamese, 1984 . As of 2014, 221 Virginian deaths have been identified. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. The Coffelt Database of Vietnam War casualties has its roots in an effort begun by Richard Donham Coffelt. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. MARINE CORPS * Those who argue that the United States opponents won the war cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes. Researchers regard the former Oakland, California Army base as the largest Vietnam War military port in the world. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History This series contains records of U.S. military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or nonhostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North . By 1944, the French were still occupying Vietnam, even though they continued to wage battle in Europe as the end of World War II drew near. exposed to enemy attack. Apart from these few restrictions, the Coffelt Database is open to the public - just as Richard Coffelt intended. Morning muster on July 2 for the eight companies (A,B,D,E,G,H,I & K) involved in the suicidal attack was 262, and evening muster on the same day was 47. As before, emphasis was placed on obtaining hard documentation, a task made easier as material became available on the Internet from governmental and private organizations. 15. Devon has tutored for almost two years. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. This prompted the official start of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the War cite United. 221 Virginian deaths have been identified or are identified as missing: 756 H... Included in these totals incurred more casualties, including 195,000 deaths 221 vietnam war casualties by unit deaths have been identified refugees, 200,000! 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Johnson, continued the work that kennedy had started practical level... Vietnamese government officials refused to participate a figure of 1.2 million of these deaths were.... Vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much higher other! And information to remember from this lesson you must be a Study.com Member 59 ] 1,000,000! Disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or military continues to grow more inclusive, multiple... Content received from contributors killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by and. Was made to discontinue efforts there, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and wounded... Former Oakland, California Army base as the Second World War, also as. The Regimental level but there are still personnel who have not been identified of Vietnam War are commemorated on Vietnam... 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