He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. . Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 27 on the list. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." Young also served a year-long mission to the United Kingdom. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. Joseph! [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. [118], Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement, in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin, which included apostasy, theft, fornication (but not sodomy), or adultery. In his will, Young shared his estate with the sixteen surviving wives who had lived with him; the six surviving non-conjugal wives were not mentioned in the will. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. . On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads and bridges, forts, irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos[88] and after a series of wars eventually made peace with the Native Americans. Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with the Kimball family later that summer. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. Thereby the Mormons became the most important single agency in colonizing that vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada. Read a news summary of this talk. [65] Not all church members followed Young. 20, No. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. What is A person who sells flower is called? This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. [6] At age twelve, he moved with his parents to the township of Genoa, close to Cayuga Lake. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. For the decade prior the emigrants' arrival, Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. Young achieved greatest success in real estate. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. These many attempts were frustrated, largely because of polygamy. [94], Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. He worked as a carpenter, glazier, and painter. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. Brigham Young University student Matt Easton came out as gay during his convocation speech on April 26, 2019. [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. From the time Spencer Cox announced his run for governor, he made it clear he was running with his wife. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. Recently, Brigham Young has been under attack by many who think his actions were racist, sexist, authoritarian, violent and more. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. You must not meddle with them. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. [18] A few days after the massacre, September 29, 1857, Lee briefed Young in Salt Lake City. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. "[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Wikimedia Commons. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . . During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. As stated, Sydney Rigdon believed he was the next prophet. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. Joe . [14], By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left the Reformed Methodist church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. The status of four was unknown. 5 min read. This blog does not store any files on its server. Over the course of his nearly 40 years teaching at Brigham Young, Mr. Woodworth has served as an adviser for unofficial student beard clubs on several occasions. 57-70 Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . Later, after taking up the mantle of Mormon leader following Smith's death from dysentery, Young is among those visited by Jesus and told to have as much sex as they possibly can, to ensure the propagation of the Mormon faith.[194]. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. Wagonmaster Luke Winner (Morgan Woodward) feels compelled to leave the instrument behind until Ridges finds solid rock under the sand. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. Van Vliet's mission was to inform Young that the US troops then approaching Utah did not intend to attack the Mormons, but intended to establish an army base near Salt Lake City and to request Young's cooperation in procuring supplies for the army. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. Robert Walker. Provo, Utah CNN . Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri in 1838. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. Young's father was a farmer, and when Young was three years old his family moved to upstate New York, settling in Chenango County. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, for the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. Young was played by Dean Jagger in the 1940 film Brigham Young. An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845 and February 1846. Church historians. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. He married single women and widows. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. With the onset of the Panic of 1819, Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship and Young moved to Port Byron, which was then called Bucksville. 1940 Creator. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. An empathy crisis. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. He cited as his reason for this that he was ready to relieve himself from the burden of "secular affairs. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only," meaning that Young was sealed to these women as a proxy for their previous husbands who had passed away. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. [175] The policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for many in the church to accept. It is that selfless attitude that captured the hearts of . Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust which had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. Conditions Governing Access. [105], Within the church, Young reorganized the Relief Society for women in 1867, and created organizations for young women in 1869 and young men in 1875. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. [22] During the visit, Brigham spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the "Adamic language". He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. He died of appendicitis in August of 1877. Haight. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. In June 1844 while Young was away, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob who stormed the jail where he was awaiting trial for the charge of treason. . At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. In the story line, the Tugwell family, Jason (Ben Cooper), Ellie (Emily Banks), and Mary (Erin Moran), are abandoned by their guide while on a wagon train from Utah to California. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. The Beehive House and the Lion House remain as prominent Salt Lake City landmarks. 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