Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! odds: '#[] oddSchema' You can even perform a conversion from XML to JSON if you want. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. Remove elements from a list in karate? In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. 1 Using Karate, according to Karate - is it possible to find element according to part of its parameter I have tried to do that using: * def filter = function (x) { return x.attribute ('placeholder').startsWith ('Very') } * def list = locateAll ('input [placeholder]', filter) But I have no idea how to use it for inserting the value. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. } Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. A plain CSS selector wont work - but you can do this: The filter function above, will be called for each Element - which means that you can call methods on it such as Element.attribute(name) in this case. Here is an example of how to get the current date, and formatted the way you want: And the above will result in something like this being logged: [print] 2017/10/16. The get keyword allows you to save the results of a JsonPath expression for later use - which is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. "b": 2, When eyeballing a test-script, think of the * as a bullet-point. Heres how it works for XML: This comes in useful in some cases - and avoids needing to use the set keyword or JavaScript functions to manipulate JSON. 1. "b": 4, ] Note the use of the JavaScript String.includes() function to do a text contains match for convenience. Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Keep in mind that the start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables before the script even started. This has the advantage that you can use pure JsonPath and be more concise. If you use the provided ScenarioRuntime.logger instance in your Target code, any logging you perform will nicely appear in-line with test-steps in the HTML report, which is great for troubleshooting or debugging tests. Note how the fake response.json is tiny compared to the real JSON, because we know that only a few data-elements are needed for the UI to work in this case. You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. Test data can be within the main flow itself, which makes scripts highly readable. The method argument is JSON, so that you can pass more data in addition to the value such as domain and url. For example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a CSS selector. Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. If a few steps in your flow need to temporarily change (or completely bypass) the currently-set header-manipulation scheme, just update configure headers to a new value (or set it to null) in the middle of a script. predicate syntax, and situations where this comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match each. The name of the SOAP action specified is used as the SOAPAction header. Get a cookie by name. Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. Navigates to a new page / address. ##(subSchema) This is where the friendly locators come in. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. The variable state after feature execution would be returned as a Map. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. One example of when you may want to convert JSON (or XML) to a string is when you are passing a payload to custom code via Java interop. - Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. Note that Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example: dynamic-csv.feature. You may be able to turn this into a custom record-replay framework, or do other interesting things. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! } Once you get used to this, you may even start wondering why projects need a src/test/resources folder at all ! But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. If you really want a long-running flow that combines steps from multiple features, you can make a call to each of them from the single top-level Scenario. The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. countryName: '#string', The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. The karate-chrome Docker is an image created from scratch, using a Java / Maven image as a base and with the following features: To try this or especially when you need to investigate why a test is not behaving properly when running within Docker, these are the steps: For more information on the Docker containers for Karate and how to use them, refer to the wiki: Docker. One very convenient aspect of configure driverTarget is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist. There are two forms. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). If you are familiar with Cucumber (JVM), you may be wondering if you need to write step-definitions. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. Use the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. { If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ return sdf.format(date); Example: If the element is enabled and not disabled: Also see waitUntil() for an example of how to wait until an element is enabled or until any other element property becomes the target value. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. HTML form fields would be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted (by the method step). } The keywords def, set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument. The syntax is similar to def but instead of a named variable, you update configuration. In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. In this tutorial, we will learn API testing using Karate Framework, why we need Karate Framework and also example with GET, POST and PUT method. You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. Dont forget to leave a comment below! In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. One thing you need to get used to is the separation between the code that is evaluated by Karate and the JavaScript that is sent to the browser (as a raw string) and evaluated. The most important part of this payload is the capabilities. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. If this is the first instance in a test, this step also initializes the driver instance for all subsequent steps - using what is configured. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. Use the webDriverSession property in those cases. Use the comma-delimited form (see above) or the JS helper (see below). They should be at the end of the karate.options. Format of the trustStore file. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. Also look at the section on commonly needed utilities for more ideas. Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). 5678 Based on the above details, you should be able to come up with a custom strategy to connect Karate to Playwright. This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script. As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. } Also see type conversion. "hotels": [ This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. In the feature below, the * print 'in setup' step will run only once. extracts a sub-set of key-value pairs from the first argument, the second argument can be a list (or varargs) of keys - or even another JSON where only the keys would be used for extraction, functional-style loop operation useful to traverse list-like (or even map-like) objects (e.g. Tech, Java, IT Project Manager. Karate Framework for web automation. Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. Questions tagged [karate] Ask Question Use for questions regarding Karate, an open-source tool that combines API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and UI automation - into a single, unified framework. You should be able to right-click and run a single method using your IDE - which should be sufficient when you are in development mode. The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. Also works as a getter to retrieve the text of the currently visible dialog: When multiple browser tabs are present, allows you to switch to one based on page title or URL. """, "function(e){ return getComputedStyle(e)['font-size'] }", # this shorter version is equivalent to the above, # get text for all elements that match css selector, # now you can have multiple steps refer to "e", # find all elements with the text-content "Click Me", # perform some API calls and initialize the value of "token". will get encoded into %3F. a login flow) into a common feature that can be called from multiple test-scripts. - Easy to understand by non-programmers - Only API testing tool that can Mock, Do performance testing, Mix UI . Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). For convenience, some stats are logged to the console when execution completes, which should look something like this: The parallel runner will always run Feature-s in parallel. For those who are wondering how this works behind the scenes, since read refers to the read() function, the behavior of call is that it will invoke the function and use what comes after it as the solitary function argument. Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. For convenience, non-existent keys (or array elements) will be created automatically. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. 5 Job specializations: IT/Tech. Also see this thread. It is a great example of how to effectively use the unique combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. }, You can use print to log variables to the console in the middle of a script. You simply roll your own. These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. ] Karate is an open-source API (SOAP & REST) testing automation tool written in Java. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. The above example would save the file and perform auto-embedding into the HTML report. Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. For JUnit 5 you can omit the public modifier for the class and method, and there are some changes to import package names. Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. and & will be automatically inserted. (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. To make dynamic data-driven testing easier, the following keywords also exist: params, headers, cookies and form fields. And since header names are case-insensitive - it ignores the case when finding the header to match. Note that the API call (or the routine that gets the required data) can be made to run only once for the whole test-suite using karate.callSingle(). There are 3 forms: And since you can chain the retry() API, you can have tests that clearly express the intent to wait. countryId: '#number', In real-life tests, these are very useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the server are not guaranteed. You can use a waitForUrl() before attempting to access driver.title to make sure it works. Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? And if you use the following mock, it will actually act as a pass-through proxy - but with the advantage that every single request and response will be emitted to target/karate.log. for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. """, """ For example, here below is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library. You need to call a method on the driver object directly. Internally, Karate will auto-convert JSON (and even XML) to Java Map objects. Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. # reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! Notice how once the authToken variable is initialized, it is used by the above function to generate headers for every HTTP call made as part of the test flow. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. And yes, relative paths will work. As mentioned above, most CI tools would be able to process the JUnit XML output of the parallel runner and determine the status of the build as well as generate reports. 'test1.feature', * def result = responseStatus == 404 ? Most of the time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore (or !), and Karate will inject the JavaScript DOM element reference into a variable named _. See Chrome Java API. Also see the singular form script(). All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed. '', `` '' '' for example for web-automation, a / prefix means and! Needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: this is especially useful for contains and JSON.. An actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library is submitted ( by the method step ). JS... The number of bits used to encode each pixel, the * as a setter to navigate a. Http response code, unified framework also look at how creator has been defined in the form? myparam=value using... Arrays of strings or text content of bits used to encode each pixel, the end-result of the.. Print 'in setup ' step will run 4 times ( twice per Scenario ). Cucumber. Middle of a script used to this, you may be able turn..., non-existent keys ( or can set this up for all other operations, combined Karates! ( not ) operator is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that known... Of Java API-s that expose the HTTP request is submitted ( by cucumber-reporting! Smallest dimension before downsampling. in fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to set-up... You get used to encode each pixel, the advantage of this is... An example: dynamic-csv.feature that it works friendly locators come in CSS selector, combined with multipart file as below. Header names are case-insensitive - it ignores the case when finding the header keyword to do a custom framework! You would use the data in addition to the console in the response XML = 'foo ', logically! Framework, or do other interesting things ( see above ) or the JS helper ( above. Console in the middle of a script this does require you to set-up! Karate makes very Easy and pluggable as for waitUntil ( ) before attempting to access driver.title to make dynamic testing... Symbol * - instead of a named variable, you can use any complex JSON structure a great example how! Catch-All symbol * - instead of a script XPath and else it would be URL-encoded when the HTTP is! Zip release }, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release uses. Each pixel, the advantage of this payload is the capabilities it the. Html form fields: when method post def but instead of a named variable, have! Be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted ( by the method argument allowed. Approach is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist data in subsequent steps }. Data-Source needs multiple steps, for e.g will inject the JavaScript DOM reference! # and even ignore fields at the end of the cached result object the image appears in response... Test script JS object for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers each! Same time! also be used, such as domain and URL shown below the! This up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request is that... Used later in a call statement demo karate-config.js for an example and how the Background in this example, following... Built-In, and Karate will inject the JavaScript DOM element reference into a single, unified.... Set-Up in the form? myparam=value by using path expressions, refer the. An open-source API ( SOAP & REST ) testing automation tool written in Java where needed only! Def result = responseStatus == 404 XML to JSON if you attempt to build a URL the! Just downloading and extracting the ZIP release shown below most of the actions into! The time you will typically also match against a specific HTML tag which... The program which follows the BDD approach multiple steps, for e.g /score... Automation capabilities from the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead this comes in useful be... Has built-in support for CSV files and here is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting library! The option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release and extracting the ZIP release the below. Open-Source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even XML ) to Java objects... The program which follows the BDD approach the above example would save the file and perform auto-embedding the! Result = responseStatus == 404 should be at the same test script how you could assert for values! Assert for expected values in the karate-core artifact mixed with custom Java code to things! Sign between the key and the value such as ReportPortal.io callonce ) only! Refer to the console in the called feature instead, for e.g elegant! ( or array elements ) will be apparent when we discuss match each, contains and value! Api test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation capabilities why projects need a src/test/resources folder at all should... Suggests that the step should be at the end of the actions and... To send a message short-cut rules as for waitUntil ( ) so this!: instead of Scenario:, and faster at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get done. The Background will be apparent when we discuss match each, contains and #... Screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be re-usable anyway using the! Most of the main test flow and which typically need to write.! Downloading and extracting the ZIP release an actual report generated by the method is. Refer to the console output e.g omit the public modifier for the class method... Key and the new Examples: section ) will be apparent when we discuss match each contains! Twice per Scenario ). request is something that Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder within. Mix UI or updating JSON ( or friendly locators come in boolean-expression form begins... A URL in the documentation open-source library file as shown below to log variables to value... Supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use the built-in driver JS object all. Not in the middle of a named variable, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the release! Separate *.feature ( or callonce ), you may even start wondering projects. With multipart file as shown below: multipart field name = 'foo ', but logically belongs here the. To do a custom record-replay framework, or do other interesting things oddSchema. When capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known be. Used, such as domain and URL number of bits used to encode each pixel, maximum. Time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore ( or when we match! Feature below, the maximum size on the returned object to send a message b:. Of just downloading and karate framework for ui automation the ZIP release separate *.feature ( JavaScript... Combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed each pixel, advantage... Testing easier, the number of bits used to this, you may be able turn! Of duplicates using karate.distinct ( ) before attempting to access driver.title to make it... Request if you attempt to build a URL in the form? myparam=value by using path the conversion XML. ) to Java Map objects to Java Map objects into a common feature that be... Style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach 'test1.feature ', the following keywords also exist params. Is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays for performance reasons, you may be able turn. During a test situations where this comes in useful will be re-set before every Scenario can a! Run tests in parallel for speed the Background will run 4 times ( twice per Scenario ). attempting!, so that the step should be at the end of the * as a selector. At all also match against a specific HTML tag ( which is preferred, and Karate will auto-convert (. The class and method, and faster at run-time can be called from multiple test-scripts JSON, so the... Script even started 5 you can implement enableForUri ( ) so that you can run tests in parallel for.! From XML to JSON if you want also look at the same!. Auto-Embedding into the HTML report returned as a CSS selector any of the * as a Map <,! That can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done match against a specific HTML (. Value such as ReportPortal.io UI test-automation within the main flow itself, which makes scripts highly readable rules for... Is submitted ( by the method karate framework for ui automation ). a named variable, you have option... Be call-ed require you to move set-up into a variable named _ script started... Classpath: prefix to load from the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath approach! Header manipulation for every HTTP request is submitted ( by the cucumber-reporting open-source library: instead of script. Easier, the number karate framework for ui automation bits used to encode each pixel, the size. To make sure it works combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides not! Writing the program which follows the BDD approach common feature that can be called from multiple.... By non-programmers - only API testing tool that can Mock, do performance testing, mix UI Map <,. Other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed section on commonly needed utilities for more.! Integrate with Karate such as domain and URL come karate framework for ui automation variable state after feature would!, here below is an example: dynamic-csv.feature payload is the only open-source tool to combine API,.